Toddler

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Boy toddler

Toddler is a common term for a young child who is learning to walk or "toddle",Microsoft® Encarta® Premium Suite 2004 generally considered to be the second stage of development after infancy and before childhood occurring predominantly during the ages of 12 to 36 months old.Glossary, A place of our own During this period, the child learns a great deal about social roles and develops motor skills; to toddle is to walk unsteadily. The term cruising is used for toddlers who cannot toddle but must hold onto something while walking.

The toddler developmental timeline shows what an average toddler can do at what age. Times vary greatly from child to child. It is common for some toddlers to master certain skills (such as walking) well before other skills (like talking). Even close siblings can vary greatly in the time taken to achieve each key milestone.

This age is sometimes referred to as \'the terrible twos\', because of the temper tantrums for which they are famous. This stage can begin as early as nine months old depending on the child and environment. The toddler is discovering that they are a separate being from their mother or caregiver and are testing their boundaries in learning the way the world around them works. This time between the ages of two and five when they are reaching for independence repeats itself during adolescence. Thus it is very important for the caregiver to be consistent with boundaries and discipline for the child’s safety and the caregiver\'s sanity through puberty.

Most children are toilet trained while they are toddlers. In most Western countries, toilet training starts as early as 17 months for some while others are not ready to begin toilet training until they are three.

When toddlers can walk they are still often transported in a buggy, or stroller when they are tired, or to increase speed.

Around 18 months, the toddler\'s vocabulary will greatly increase, and he or she may learn as many as 7-9 new words a day.

Contents 1 Overview table 2 Developmental activities 2.1 Important things to remember about toddlers activities 3 References

Overview table

Age	Physical	Mental	Emotional
12–15 Months	Stand alone well. Drink from a cup (poorly). Turn pages in a book (a few at a time). play ball by rolling or tossing it.	Uses four to six letter words such as "ball", "cracker", or "cookie" Can follow a simple command with an associated gesture, such as: bringing a cup to you when you point at it and say "Please bring me the cup". Object Permanence: Realizes things still exist when they are out of sight, such as a toy block placed into a closed box.	Use gestures or words to convey desires, such as: Pointing at a book, raising arms to be picked up, or saying "cup". Mimic actions such as covering eyes while playing Peekaboo.
15–18 Months	Walk well alone. May be able to bend down and stand up without help. Hold a crayon well enough to scribble. Lift cup up to mouth for drinking. Climb onto furniture.	Uses 10–20 words. May be able to follow a command without a gesture. Stack two blocks.	Address others with greetings. Mimic parental activities such as cleaning up or talking on a telephone.
18–24 Months	Feed self with a spoon. Run. Climb into a small chair. Walk up steps.	Speaks 20–50 words; understands many more Stack six blocks Understands non-physical relationships such as turning on lights or pushing buttons. Sorting toys. Searching for hidden objects. Problem solving through experimentation.	Wants to be independent at times. Will throw a tantrum or possibly say no. Mimics social behavior such as hugging a teddy bear or feeding a doll. Self recognition. Self reference. Displays attachment. Separation anxiety. Can play turn-taking games.
24–36 Months	Advanced mobility and climbing skills. Increased dexterity with small objects, puzzles. Able to dress oneself.	Speaking in sentences. Easily learns new words, places and people\'s names. Anticipates routines. Plays with toys in imaginative ways. Attempts to sing in-time with songs.	Knows boys from girls. Shows preferences, such as clothes and entertainment.

Developmental activities

Mischievous toddler

It is empowering to a toddler when they are able to create or alter something, or when they first grasp a logical concept or witness the laws of nature in progress. Their confidence gets a huge boost when they learn that they impact and can control their surroundings.

A child’s enthusiasm for learning should be established early on. Present the child with activities that are appropriate for developing motor and language skills. As the toddler is able to participate in a new activity and complete simple tasks, their self-esteem is boosted. It may take several tries for the toddler to learn certain skills, give them the opportunity to try and try again. It is very important that the toddler feels capable. It is sometimes very easy for the parent to give-up on the activity when the toddler has failed once. The toddler, on the other hand, is usually quite willing to try again.

Don’t compare the toddler’s ability to the abilities of another. Understand that children develop certain skills at different times based on their preference of activity type. Some children develop strong language skills before motor skills if their interests are more in communication and relationship building rather than climbing and exploring..

Toddler mimicking adult behavior

Important things to remember about toddlers activities

• Give them the freedom to fail, sometimes it is the only way to learn to succeed.
• Help the toddler work through their frustrations when they are unable to complete a task. Give them a small bit of assistance, let them try again and explain how they sometimes need a lot of practice before they get it right.
• Praise the child’s actions when they succeed rather than the child. (example: rather than saying "you are such a good girl", say "you did such a good job of pouring the water without spilling a drop".)
• Be sure to demonstrate for the toddler the task that they will be performing. Mimicking is an innate part of a toddler’s learning process.
• When verbally communicating with a toddler speak clearly, directly, and expressively, and patiently allow for the toddler to reciprocate.

Social interaction is very important for a toddler’s development. Language, motor and social skills are learned as the toddler mimics the voices and actions that they repeatedly hear and see

References

Preceded by Infancy

Stages of human development Toddlerhood

Succeeded by Childhood

v • d • e Human development: biological - psychological
Stages	Prenatal development • Pre- and perinatal psychology • Infancy • Toddlerhood • Childhood • Preadolescence • Puberty • Adolescence • Adulthood - Early adulthood • Middle adulthood • Late adulthood
Development	Child development (stages) • Youth development • Ageing & Senescence
Theorists-theories	John Bowlby-attachment • Erik Erikson-psychosocial • Sigmund Freud-psychosexual • Lawrence Kohlberg-moral • Jean Piaget-cognitive • Lev Vygotsky-cultural-historical

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